AgNO3 spray method for measurement of chloride penetration: the state of art
Abstract
The durability of the buildings has been evaluated through visual inspections associated with field and laboratory tests. Nowadays, for analysis of the carbonation colorimetric method by spraying phenolphthalein is widely used, due to the ease and high reliability. However, when there is the presence of chlorides, the tests are long and expensive. As an alternative, there is a colorimetric method (AgNO3). The method is easy to use, low cost and allows for on-site reviews. But when there is presence of carbonation, the analysis becomes more complex, since reducing the pH and leads to discoloration of the concrete. This paper presents studies on the use of the colorimetric method for evaluation of the depth of chloride penetration in concrete. There is no consensus in academic circles as to eliminate this influence and to determine the turning point, however there is research demonstrating the influence of cement type on the colorimetric method.
Downloads
References
Bouny, B. V. et al. (2007), AgNO3 spray tests: advantages, weaknesses, and various applications to quantify chloride ingress into concrete. Part 1: Non-steady-state diffusion tests and exposure to natural conditions. Materials and Structures, p. 759-781.
Cavalcanti, A. N.; Cavalcanti, G. A. D. (2010), Inspeção técnica do pÃer de atracação de Tambaú. Concreto e construção, v. 57, p. 45-55.
França, C. B. (2011), Avaliação de cloretos livres em concretos pelo método de aspersão de solução de nitrato de prata. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
Helene, P. (1993), Contribuição ao estudo da corrosão em armaduras de concreto armado. 231 p. Tese (Livre docência) – Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
He, F. et al. (2012), AgNO3-based colorimetric methods for measurement of chloride penetration in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, v. 26, n. 1, p. 1-8.
He, F. et al. (2011), Calculation of chloride concentration at color change boundary of AgNO3. Construction and Building Materials, v. 41, n. 11, p. 1095-1103, 2011.
Jucá, T. R. P. (2002), Avaliação de cloretos livres em concretos e argamassas de cimento Portland pelo método de aspersão de solução de nitrato de prata. Dissertação (mestrado), Universidade Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, Brasil.
Kim, M. et al. (2013), Application of the colorimetric method to chloride diffusion evaluation in concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials. v. 41, p. 239-245.
Marcondes, G. N. (2012), Adição de nanotubos de carbono em concretos de cimento Portland – absorção, permeabilidade, penetração de cloretos e propriedades mecânicas. Dissertação (mestrado). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.
Marriaga, J. L.; Claisse, P. (2003), Influencia de la adición de escoria de alto horno em la penetración de lós cloruros en el concreto. Ingenieria e investigatión, v.31, p. 38-47, 2011.
Meck, E.; Sirivivatnanon V. Field indicator of chloride penetration depth. Cement and Concrete Research, v.33, p.1113-1117.
Medeiros, M. H. F. (2008), Contribuição ao estudo da durabilidade de concretos com proteção de superficial frente à ação de Ãons cloreto. Tese (doutorado). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Medeiros, M. H. F.; Hoppe Filho, J.; Helene, P. (2009), Influence of the slice position on chloride migration tests for concrete in marine conditions. Marine Structures, v. 22, p. 128-141.
Mota, A. C. M. (2011), Avaliação da presença de cloretos livres em argamassas através do método colorimétrico de aspersão da solução de nitrato de prata. Dissertação (mestrado). Escola Politécnica da Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
Otsuki, N.; Nagataki, S; Nakashita, K. (1992), Evaluation of AgNO3 solution spray method for measurement of chloride penetration into hardener cementitious matrix materials. ACI Materials Journal. v. 89, n. 6, p. 587-592.
Pereira, L. F. C.; Cincotto, M. A. (2001), Determinação de cloretos em concreto de cimentos Portland: influência do tipo de cimento. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Silva, F. G. (2006), Estudo de concretos de alto desempenho frente à ação de cloretos. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil.
Trindade, G. H. (2011), Durabilidade do concreto com cinza de casca de arroz natural sem moagem: mitigação da reação álcali-sÃlica e penetração de cloretos. Dissertação (mestrado) Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil.
Yuan, Q.; Shi, C.; Schutter, G.; Audenaert, K.; Deng, D. (2008), Effect of hydroxyl ions on chloride penetration depth measurement using the colorimetric method. Cement and concrete research, v. 38, n. 10, p. 1177-1180.
_______________________________
License in effect from September 2020
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
.png)
