Compressive strength and microstructural evolution of metakaolin geopolymers exposed at high temperature
Abstract
This research presents results of compressive strength and microstructural evolution of geopolymer pastes exposed to high temperatures. Pastes of molar composition SiO2/Al2O3 (2.6-3.0), Na2O/Al2O3 (0.55 to 0.7), and H2O/solid (0.53 to 0.57) were elaborated blending metakaolin and sodium silicate solutions containing NaOH. The effect of the chemical composition on the development of compressive strength was investigated, and 3 pastes with high mechanical strength were chosen to be exposed to 200, 500 and 800 ° C, characterizing their microstructural evolution and compressive strength. Before to high temperature exposure, the geopolymers developed of up to 80MPa, and after their exposition, the loss of strength was strongly depended of the ratio SiO2/Al2O3. Results of X-ray diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, suggest that the reorganization of the silica gel and the evaporation of water from the microstructures, reduce the thermal stability of geopolymers exposed to high temperature.Downloads
References
Barbosa, V. F. F., MacKenzie, K. J .D. (2003), “Thermal behavior of inorganic geopolymers and composities derived from sodium polysialate†Materials Research Bulletin, V. 38, No. 2, pp. 319-331.
Burciaga-DÃaz, O., Escalante-GarcÃa, J. I. (2010), “Statistical analysis of strength development as a function of various parameters on activated metakaolin/slag cementsâ€, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 93 No. 2, pp. 541-547.
Burciaga-DÃaz, O., Escalante-Garcia, J. I., Gorokhovsky, A. (2012 A), “Geopolymers based on a coarse low-purity kaolin mineral: Mechanical strength as a function of the chemical composition and temperatureâ€, Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 34, pp. 18-24.
Burciaga-DÃaz, O., Escalante-Garcia, J. I. (2012 B),“Strength and durability in acid media of alkali silicate-activated metakaolin geopolymersâ€, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, V. 95, No. 7, pp. 2307-2313.
Criado, M., Jiménez, A. F., Palomo, A. (2007), “Alkali activation of fly ash: Effect of the SiO2/Na2O ratio: Prt I: FTIR studyâ€. Micoporous and Mesoporous Materials, V. 106, pp. 180-191.
Duxson, P., Lukey, G. C. and van Deventer, J. S. J. (2006 A), “Thermal evolution of metakaolin geopolymers: Part 1 – Physical evolutionâ€. Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, V. 352, pp. 2186–2200.
Duxson, P. (February 2006 B),“The Structure and thermal evolution of metakaolin geopolymers†PhD thesis. University of Melbourne.
Duxson, P., Lukey, G. C., Van Deventer, J. S. J. (2007), “Physical evolution of Na-geopolymer derived from metakaolin up to 1000°Câ€, Journal of Materials Science, V.42, No. 9, pp. 3044.
Kong, D. L. Y., Sanjayan, J. G., Sagoe-Crentsil, K. (2007), “Comparative performance of geopolymers made with metakaolin and fly ash after exposure to elevated temperaturesâ€. Cement and Concrete Research, V. 37, No. 12, pp.1583–1589.
Kong, D. L. Y., Sanjayan, J. G., Sagoe-Crentsil, K. (2008), “Factors affecting the performance of metakaolin geopolymers exposed to elevated temperaturesâ€, Journal of Materials Science, V. 43, pp. 824-831.
Lee, W. K. W. Van Deventer J. S. J. (2003),“Use of Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Geopolymerization of Heterogeneous Amorphous Aluminosilicates†Langmuir, V. 19, pp. 8726–34.
McLellan, B. C., Williams, R. P., Lay, J., Van Riessen, A., Corder, G. D. (2011), “Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary Portland cementâ€, Journal of Cleaner Production, V.19, pp.1080–90.
Pacheco-Torgal, F. Labrincha, J. A. Leonelli, C. Palomo, A. Chindaparasirt, P. (2014), “Handbook of Alkali-activated Cements, Mortars and Concretesâ€, (Sawston, Cambridge UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd), p. 852.
Palomo, A., Krivenko, P., GarcÃa-Lodeiro, E., Maltseva, O., Fernandez-
Jimenez, A. (2014), “A review on alkaline activation: new analytical perspectivesâ€. Materiales de Construcción, Vol. 64, Issue 315, pp. 24.
Pan, Z, Sanjayan J. G. (2010), “Stress–strain behaviuor and abrupt loss of stiffness of geopolymer at elevated temperaturesâ€. Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 32, No. 9, pp.657–64.
Provis, J., Van Deventer, J. (2009), “Geopolymers: structure, processing properties and industrial applicationsâ€. (Sawston, Cambridge UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd)., p. 441.
Provis, J. L., Van Deventer, J. S. J. (2014), “Alkali-Activated
Materials. State-of-the-Art Report, RILEM TC224-AAMâ€, (Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London), p. 388.
Rahier, H., Simons, W., Van Mele, B., Biesemans. (1997), “Low temperature synthesized aluminosilictae glasses: Part III influence of the composition of silicate solution on production, structure and propertiesâ€, Journal of Materials Science, V. 32, No. 9. pp. 2237-2247.
RovnanÃk, P., (2010), “Effect of the curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin based geopolymersâ€, Construction and Building Materials, V. 24. pp. 1176-1183.
Temuujin,J., Ricard, W., Lee, M., Van Riessen, A. (2011), “Preparation and thermal properties of fire resistant metakaolin-based Geopolymer-type coatingâ€. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, V. 357, pp.1399-1404.
_______________________________
License in effect from September 2020
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.