Pathological manifestations in a historic building: post-fire scenario at Casarão dos Fabricantes
Abstract
The objective of this study is to document the pathological manifestations of the Casarão dos Fabricantes, one of the oldest buildings in Fortaleza, which was severely damaged by a major fire in 2020. Despite its historical significance, there are no records detailing the condition of the building either before or after the fire. The internal walls and two facades were the only construction elements that were not destroyed by the fire. The survey of the pathological manifestations was conducted by visual assessment and infrared thermography, revealing different degradation processes across the evaluated structures and providing a systematic view of the extent of the damage to the building. Mapping this damage provided an integrated approach, offering a scientific basis to support the restoration process.
Downloads
References
Almeida, G. (2022), Incêndio no Casarão dos Fabricantes: o fogo que consumiu sonhos e uma parte da história de Fortaleza. O Povo, Fortaleza, 17 September. Available at: https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/ceara/2020/09/17/incendio-no-casarao-dos-fabricantes--o-fogo-que-consumiu-sonhos-e-uma-parte-da-historia-de-fortaleza.html. Accessed at: 04 April 2024.
Amer, O., Aita, D., Bompa, D. V., Mohamed, E. k., Hussein, Y. M., Torky, A., Mansour, M. M. A. (2024), Conservation-oriented integrated approach for structural stability assessment of complex historic masonry structures, Journal of Engineering Research, ISSN 2307-1877, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.002
Bezerra, M. H. C. M. (2024), “Avaliação de manifestações patológicas em fachadas de edificação histórica por ensaio não-destrutivo: Casarão dos Fabricantes”. Thesis, Christus University Center.
Braga, I. C., Brandão, F. S., Ribeiro, F. R. C., Diógenes, A. G. (2019), “Application of GUT Matrix in theassessment of pathological manifestations in heritage constructions”, Revista ALCONPAT, 9(3), pp.320–335, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v9i3.400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21041/ra.v9i3.400
Brasil. Ministério da Cultura (2005), Manual de elaboração de projetos de preservação do patrimônio cultural. Elaboração Gomide, J. H., Silva, P. R. da, Braga, S. M. N. Brasilia: Ministério da Cultura, Instituto do Programa Monumenta.
Cabral, A. E. B., Campos, A. M. da R. (2016), Estudo da agressividade do ar em Fortaleza/CE. Available at: http://www.pec.ufc.br/images/Edital/16-11-Cartilha-Agressividade-do-Ar-Small-Spreads.pdf. Accessed at: 13 March 2024.
Charola, A.E. (2000) Salts in the Deterioration of Porous Materials: An Overview. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 39: 327-343. https://doi.org/10.1179/019713600806113176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/019713600806113176
Costa, L. da S., Silva, W. A. da. (2022), Manifestações patológicas em fachadas de construções históricas: estudo de caso da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo em São Luís – MA. Research, Society and Development. 11(2): e24011225819. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25819
Custódio, G. (2023), Prédio histórico Casarão dos Fabricantes começa a ser restaurado, Diário do Nordeste, Fortaleza. Available at: https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/ceara/predio-historico-casarao-dos-fabricantes-comeca-a-ser-restaurado-veja-projeto-e-como-ira-funcionar-1.3400921. Accessed at: 13 March 2024.
Diário do Nordeste (2020), Casarão dos Fabricantes amanhece com estrutura interna destruída após incêndio. Available at: https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/metro/casarao-dos-fabricantes-amanhece-com-estrutura-interna-destruida-apos-incendio-1.2985611. Accessed at:13 March 2024.
Fais, S., Casula, G., Cuccuru, F., Ligas, P., Bianchi, M. G. (2018), An innovative methodology for the non-destructive diagnosis of architectural elements of ancient historical buildings. Scientific Reports. 8 (4334). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22601-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22601-5
Ferreira, G. H. (2020), “Fissuras em edificações de concreto armado: revisão e estudo de caso”, Monografia e, Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto.
Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., La Bourchardiere, D. (2002). “Damage index for stone monuments. 5th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin” in: Galan, E., Zezza, F. (Eds.), Protection and Conservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Mediterranean Cities, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Sevilla (SPA), pp. 315-326.
G1 CE (2020), Feirantes do Casarão dos Fabricantes procuram por mercadorias que resistiram a incêndio, em Fortaleza. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/ce/ceara/noticia/2020/09/06/feirantes-do-casarao-dos-fabricantes-procuram-por-mercadorias-que-resistiram-a-incendio-em-fortaleza.ghtml. Accessed at:20 July 2024.
Gomes, M. G., Tomé, A. (2023), A digital and non-destructive integrated methodology for heritage modelling and deterioration mapping. The case study of the Moorish Castle in Sintra. Developments in the Built Environment. 14: 100145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100145
Klüppel, G. P. (2009), “A casa e o clima: (trans)formações da arquitetura habitacional no Brasil (Século XVII – Século XIX)”. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Universidade Federal da Bahia.
Li, Y. et al. (2024). Effect of fly ash content on the performance of hardened cement-based materials suffered from high temperatures. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 20: e03217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03217
Li, Y., Zhou, Q., Guo, J., Huang, Z., Zhan, D., Zhou, W., Liang, Y., Wang, B. (2024), Assessing fire resilience of historic districts: An approach combining space structure and tourists’ behavior, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Volume 100, 104191, ISSN 2212-4209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104191
Lima, F. F. de S., Monteiro, E. C. B., Silva, A. J. da C., Vasconcelos Filho, A. G. F. de, Lemos, A. R., Tenório, A. F. B., Rêgo, C. M. do, Borba, L. F. F., Barreto, L. M. (2022), Pathological manifestations in façades of historic buildings – damage map: case study of the church Santuário Nossa Senhora de Fátima. Research, Society and Development, 11(11), e124111133394. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/tfisdwv1-086
Mollá, L. D. et al. (2018), Systematic alteration survey and stone provenance for restoring heritage buildings: Punta Begoña Galleries (Basque-Country, Spain). Engineering Geology. 247: 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.009
Moropoulou, A., Labropoulos, K. C., Delegou, E. T., Karoglou, M., Bakolas, A. (2013), Non-destructive techniques as a tool for the protection of built cultural heritage. Construction and Building Materials. 48: 1222-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.044
Occhipinti, R., Stroscio, A., Belfiore, C. M., Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P. (2021), Chemical and colorimetric analysis for the characterization of degradation forms and surface colour modification of building stone materials, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 302, 124356, ISSN 0950-0618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124356
Palm, V. et al. (2020), Influência da distribuição de espaçadores no cobrimento e na vida útil de lajes maciças. Ambiente Construído. 20 (3): 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000300452 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000300452
Pavlík, Z. et al. (2023), Lightweight pumice mortars for repair of historic buildings –Assessment of physical parameters, engineering properties and durability. Materials. 404: 133275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133275
Periard, G. (2011), Matriz GUT: Guia Completo. Available at: http://www.sobreadministracao.com/matriz-gut-guia-completo/. Accessed at:16 April 2024.
Prefeitura de Fortaleza (2022), Secretaria Municipal de Urbanismo e Meio Ambiente. Coordenadoria de Desenvolvimento Urbano. Relatório de apresentação da pauta: análise de orientação prévia para projeto especial.
Righi, G. V. (2009), “Estudo dos sistemas de impermeabilização: patologias, prevenções e correções - análise de casos”. Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria.
Rocha, J. H. A. et al. (2018), Detecção de infiltração em áreas internas de edificações com termografia infravermelha: estudo de caso. Ambiente Construído. 18(4): 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000400308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000400308
Rodrigues, N. M., Lama, E. A. del. (2013), “Ensaios não destrutivos em monumentos pétreos paulistanos” in: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia de Engenharia e Ambiental, ABGE, Fortaleza (Brasil). Available at: https://repositorio.usp.br/directbitstream/346c9d02-f9c3-4cfc-9d82-16f6fec5c71d/2886786.pdf. Accessed at:30 March 2024.
Ruiz-Jaramillo, J., Muñoz-González, C., Joyanes-Díaz, M. D., Jiménez-Morales, E., López-Osorio, J. M., Barrios-Pérez, R., Rosa-Jiménez, C. (2020), Heritage risk index: A multi-criteria decision-making tool to prioritize municipal historic preservation projects, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 403-418, ISSN 2095-2635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.10.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.10.003
Sánchez, M., Alonso, M. C. (2011), Electrochemical chloride removal in reinforced concrete structures: Improvement of effectiveness by simultaneous migration of calcium nitrite. Construction and Building Materials. 25 (2): 873-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.099
Teledyne FLIR LLC (2024). “Câmera de infravermelho Série Pro”. Available at: https://www.flir.com.br/. Accessed at:30 March 2024.
Valero, L. R., Sasso, F. V., Vicioso, E. P. (2019), In situ assessment of superficial moisture condition in façades of historic building using non-destructive techniques. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00228
Vazquez, P. et al. (2016), Influence of surface finish and composition on the deterioration of building stones exposed to acid atmospheres. Construction and Building Materials. 106: 392-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.125
Zein, R. V., Marco, A. D. (2007), “A rosa por outro nome tão doce...seria?” in: Anais do 7 seminário DO.CO.MO.MO Brasil. Porto Alegre, 2007. Available at: http://www.docomomo.org.br/seminario%207%20pdfs/049.pdf. Accessed at: 30 March 2024.
Zhang, Y. S. et al. (2024), Application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique in concrete crack repair: A review. Construction and Building Materials. 411: 134313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134313
Copyright (c) 2024 Bezerra, M. H. C. M., Lima, L. S., Magalhães, A. L. L., Santos Filho, L., Miyasaki, J. S., Carvalho, E. V.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
_______________________________
License in effect from September 2020
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.